Verifying True Randomness in Cryptographic Systems
Randomness is a foundational primitive in cryptographic protocols. It underpins security properties such as unpredictability, fairness, privacy, and resistance to adversarial manipulation. Key generation, nonces, salts, signatures, leader election, lotteries, and many consensus mechanisms all rely on randomness behaving as assumed. When randomness is weak, biased, predictable, or manipulable, entire